Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 17 pp 9022—9040
Causal relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Figure 4. MR estimates the impact of CVD on AD. IVW was used as the main method to analyze the two-way causal relationship between CVD and AD. Forest map: Visualize the causal effect of exposure on outcome risk by IVW method (when the outcome is AD, i.e., the dichotomy variable, the standard line is the “X = 1” line (orange dashed line)), and the blue markers represent positive results with P < 0.05. Abbreviations: CVD: cardiovascular disease; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; IVW: Inverse variance weighting; Beta: risk index; Se: standard error; OR (95% CI): odds ratio (95% confidence interval).